Ntibisanzwe Isi Magneti 'Imipaka mishya? Ese Gallium ishobora gusimbura ibidukikije-Dysprosium na Terbium?

Mu rwego rwisi zidasanzwe rukuruzi, ikiganiro cyimpinduramatwara ku kuzamura imikorere no gukoresha umutungo urambye kirimo kwiyongera. Ubusanzwe, tekinoroji ya dysprosium na terbium yakoreshejwe cyane kugirango ishimangire imbaraga no kurwanya demagnetisation ya magneti ya neodymium-fer-boron (NdFeB). Nyamara, ubucukuzi bw'ibi bintu biremereye cyane ku isi butera ibibazo bikomeye, birimo ibiciro byinshi, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, ibigega byose hamwe, hamwe n’imikoreshereze mike. Guhura nibi bibazo byingutu, gushakisha ubundi buryo bunoze kandi bwangiza ibidukikije byahindutse bikenewe cyane muruganda.

Nk’uko bigezweho, mu 2023, minisiteri na komisiyo z’igihugu byahamagaje inama nyinshi mu rwego rwo kwibanda ku mikoreshereze myiza y’umutungo w’ubutaka udasanzwe no kurengera ibidukikije, byerekana neza ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’ubutaka. Ni muri urwo rwego, ikintu cyitwa gallium cyagiye kigaragara buhoro buhoro abashakashatsi n’inganda bitewe n’imiterere yihariye y’umubiri hamwe n’ibigega byinshi. \

Gallium: Itara rishya rya rukuruzi zidasanzwe?

Gallium, yerekana kandi ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya demagnetisiyasi, ifite igiciro kiri hasi cyane ku isoko ugereranije na terbium ndetse n’igiciro kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na dysprosium, kigaragaza inyungu z’ubukungu. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ububiko bwa gallium bwuzuye burenze kure ubwa dysprosium na terbium, butanga inzira kubisabwa binini. Nkuko Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ishyigikiye "kubungabunga ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no guteza imbere ingufu z’inganda nshya z’ingufu," imikorere miremire no kuramba by’isi idasanzwe ya magneti ihoraho byabaye ingenzi mu nganda nshya z’imodoka. Amabwiriza ateganya ko igipimo cya demagnetisation yisi idasanzwe ya magneti ihoraho igomba kugenzurwa cyane muri 1% mumyaka icumi iri imbere, bigashyirwaho ibisabwa bikomeye muguhitamo ibikoresho no kubishyira mubikorwa.

Imashini ya nyuma yigihe cyose: Gallium irashobora kuyobora inzira

Kuruhande rwinyuma, gallium, hamwe numutungo wihariye hamwe nibyiza byumutungo, irashimwa nkigisimburwa cyingenzi cyibintu bisanzwe bidasanzwe byubutaka nka dysprosium na terbium. Iyi nzibacyuho ifite amasezerano yo kugabanya ubukene bw’umutungo udasanzwe w’isi, kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije mu gihe cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, no gutanga ibisubizo by’ubukungu n’ibidukikije ku nganda nshya z’ingufu z’ingufu. Inzobere mu nganda zerekana ko hamwe n’iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga no kwagura ibintu, ikoreshwa rya gallium mu isi idasanzwe ya rukuruzi ihoraho ifite imbaraga nyinshi, bikaba bishobora gutangiza ibihe bishya byo guhanga ibintu.

Umwanzuro

Guhura n’ibibazo bibiri by’ubuke bw’umutungo w’isi no kurengera ibidukikije, guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ibikoresho bidasanzwe by’isi bihoraho bifite inshingano zikomeye. Kugaragara kwa gallium nkuburyo bufatika butera imbaraga nshya nicyizere muriki gice. Mu bihe biri imbere, turategerezanya amatsiko byinshi bizagerwaho hifashishijwe gallium, dufatanya guteza imbere inganda zidasanzwe ku isi zihoraho zigana inzira nziza, ikora neza, kandi irambye.

Reba:
Inama ya 12 ya SMM Ntoya Yinganda 2024 Yasojwe neza! Incamake Yuzuye Yiterambere ryinganda hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi!