I-Rare Earth Magnets' New Frontier? Ingabe i-Gallium Ingaba Indawo Eco-Friendly Ye-Dysprosium ne-Terbium?

Emkhakheni womazibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile, ingxoxo eguquguqukayo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okusimeme iba nomfutho buthule. Ngokwesiko, amasu okungena e-dysprosium kanye ne-terbium asetshenziswe kabanzi ukuze kuqiniswe ukucindezelwa kanye nokumelana ne-demagnetization kozibuthe be-neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB). Kodwa-ke, ukumbiwa kwalezi zakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisindayo kubangela izinselele ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu, imithelela yemvelo, izindawo ezigciniwe ezilinganiselwe, namazinga aphansi okusetshenziswa. Ngokubhekene nalezi zinkinga ezicindezelayo, ukufuna ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezihambisana nemvelo sekuyisidingo esikhulu embonini.

Ngokwezibuyekezo zakamuva, ngo-2023, ongqongqoshe kazwelonke kanye namakhomishini babize imihlangano eminingi ukuze kugxilwe ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwemithombo yomhlaba engavamile kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ebeka ngokucacile isiqondiso samasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisindayo ezingavamile. Kulo mongo, i-elementi ebizwa ngokuthi i-gallium kancane kancane iye yavela obala kubacwaningi nosozimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nenala yemithombo.\

I-Gallium: I-Beacon Entsha Yomazibuthe Omhlaba Ongavamile?

I-Gallium, ephinde ibonise ukumelana nezinga lokushisa okukhethekile kanye nokumelana nokuyeka uzibuthe, iziqhayisa ngentengo yemakethe ephansi kakhulu kune-terbium kanye nenani eliphansi kakhulu kune-dysprosium, yethula inzuzo ephawulekayo yezomnotho. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ingqikithi yamaminerali e-gallium idlula kude leyo ye-dysprosium ne-terbium, ivula indlela yokusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu. Njengoba uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhuthaza "ukongiwa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha," ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside kozibuthe abangavamile bomhlaba sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Imithetho ibeka ukuthi izinga lokukhipha kazibuthe likamagnethi omhlaba ongavamile kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwe-1% kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, kubeke izidingo eziqinile ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

I-Post-Permanent Magnet Era: I-Gallium Ingase Ihole Ithrendi

Ngokumelene nalokhu kwangemuva, i-gallium, nezindawo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nezinzuzo zensiza, inconywa njengokuthatha indawo ebalulekile yezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zendabuko njenge-dysprosium ne-terbium. Lolu shintsho luphethe isithembiso sokunciphisa ukushoda kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngesikhathi sokumba izimayini, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezongayo nezemvelo embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ochwepheshe bemboni baphakamisa ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezandisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-gallium kumamagnethi ahlala emhlabeni angavamile kunamandla amakhulu, okungase kungenise inkathi entsha yokuqamba izinto ezintsha.

Isiphetho

Njengoba ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbili zokushoda kwezinsiza zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusungulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ezihlala njalo kunezibopho ezibalulekile. Ukuvela kwe-gallium njengendlela esebenzayo kufaka amandla amasha nethemba kulo mkhakha. Ngokuzayo, silindele ngokulangazela izimpumelelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuthuthukisa i-gallium, ngokuhlanganyela siqhubekisela phambili imboni yezinto ezibonakalayo ezingavamile emhlabeni iye endleleni eluhlaza, esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi esimeme.

Ireferensi:
Inkomfa Ye-12 Yemboni Yezinsimbi Ezincane Yango-2024 Iphethwe Ngempumelelo! Uhlolojikelele Olubanzi Lwamathemba Okuthuthukiswa Kwemboni kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obubalulekile!